Cytotoxicity evaluation, antibacterial effect, and degree of conversion of QAM-containing adhesives

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) to experimental adhesives by assessing the degree of conversion (DC), cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity against biofilm formation. Two QAMs were added to an experimental adhesive: dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate bromododecane (DMADDM) or dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate bromohexadecane (DMAHDM) at three concentrations each: 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.%. Experimental adhesive without QAMs (control group) and commercially available Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) were used for comparisons. The adhesives were tested for DC, cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity against biofilm formation. DC, cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons. Cytotoxicity against keratinocytes was evaluated using the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc (α = 5%) tests. Transbond showed lower DC as compared to 5% DMAHDM, 1% DMADDM, and 5% DMADDM (p < 0.05). However, all groups presented proper DC when compared to commercial adhesives in the literature. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity against keratinocytes, Transbond induced higher viability than 2.5 wt.% groups (p < 0.05). Against fibroblasts, Transbond induced higher viability as compared to 5 wt.% groups (p < 0.05). DMAHDM at 5 wt.% reduced biofilm formation when compared to all the other groups (p < 0.05). Despite their cytotoxic effect against keratinocytes, gingival fibroblasts showed higher viability. DMAHDM at 5 wt.% decreased Streptococcus mutans viability. The incorporation of DMAHDM at 5 wt.% may be a strategy for reducing the development of white spot lesions.

Idealização da maternidade e herança psíquica: reflexões no contemporáneo / Idealization of motherhood and psychic heritage: reflections in the contemporary / Idealización de la maternidad y herencia psíquica: reflexiones en lo contemporáneo

Considerando as transformações na maternidade ao longo da história e a atual crise identitária na relação da mulher com a maternidade, ou seja, o conflito entre os ideais de maternidade relacionados à figura da mulher/mãe e as demandas contemporâneas de realização individual no trabalho, realizou-se este estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo consistia em descrever e analisar, a partir da psicanálise de casal e família, a experiência de mães que abandonaram da carreira profissional para a dedicação exclusiva à maternidade. Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres de classe média, entre 30 e 50 anos, que eram mães e abandonaram suas carreiras profissionais para se dedicarem à maternidade. As entrevistas que compuseram os resultados foram transcritas e as análises de conteúdo temática apontaram as múltiplas exigências, tanto sociais, quanto relacionadas à herança psíquica, que trazem implicações para a construção identitária dessas mulheres. Concluímos que um processo de elaboração dessa herança exige uma rede vincular de apoio e pressupõe a desidealização da maternidade, entendendo-a como plural, tanto no sentido de ser múltipla e diversa, quanto no sentido de ser uma construção vincular.

Noticing the history transformations in motherhood, and the current identity crisis in the woman's relationship between femininity and maternity, that is, the conflict between the ideas of motherhood related to the figure of the woman/mother and the contemporary demands of individual realization at work, this exploratory-descriptive, cross-sectional, study of a qualitative approach was carried out, whose objective was to describe and analyze, from the perspective of psychoanalysis of the linking configurations, the experience of mothers who abandoned the professional career for the exclusive dedication to motherhood. Eight middle-class women, aged between 30 and 50, who were mothers and abandoned their professional careers to dedicate themselves to motherhood-retirar, were interviewed. The interviews that composed the results were transcribed, and thematic content analyses pointed out the multiple demands, both social and related to psychic heritage, which have implications for the identity construction of these women. We conclude that an elaboration of this heritage requires a link network of support and presupposes the non-idealization of motherhood, understanding it as plural, both in the sense of being multiple and diverse, and in the sense of being a bonding construction.

Considerando los cambios en la maternidad a lo largo de la historia y la actual crisis de identidad en la relación de la mujer con la maternidad, es decir, el conflicto entre los ideales de maternidad relacionados con la figura de la mujer/madre y las demandas contemporáneas de realización individual en el trabajo, se realizó este estudio transversal, exploratorio-descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo, cuyo objetivo consistía en describir y analizar, a partir del psicoanálisis de las configuraciones vincular, la experiencia de madres que abandonaron de la carrera profesional para la dedicación exclusiva a la maternidad. Fueron entrevistadas ocho mujeres de clase media, entre 30 y 50 años. que eran madres y abandonaron sus carreras profesionales para dedicarse a la maternidad-retirar. Las entrevistas que compusieron los resultados fueron transcritas y los análisis de contenido temático señalaron las múltiples exigencias, tanto sociales, como relacionadas a la herencia psíquica, que traen implicaciones para la construcción identitaria de esas mujeres. Concluimos que un proceso de elaboración de esa herencia exige una red vincular de apoyo y presupone la desidealización de la maternidad, entendiéndola como plural, tanto en el sentido de ser múltiple y diversa, como en el sentido de ser una construcción vincular.

Yann Andréa, "une lettre que je continue de vous écrire / Uma carta que eu continuo te escrevendo / Yann Andréa, "a letter I keep writing to you"

Jeune étudiant en philosophie à Caen, Yann Andréa qui s'appelle encore Yann Lemée, découvre l'écriture de Marguerite Duras, instantanément galvanisé par l'expérience, il se met à lui écrire, presque tous les jours, parfois plusieurs fois par jour, par paquets, sans attente de réponse. Touchée par la puissance de Yann, Duras lui répond, lui dédie une œuvre et finit par partager sa vie avec lui. Il s'agit d'un amour qui n'est pas habillé par le fantasme mais qui est resserré autour d'un point de réel, l'écriture. Sophie Marret-Maleval prend le couple Duras/Andréa en exemple pour illustrer par la négative l'inexistence du rapport sexuel : la fonction d'agrafe de l'amour, qui s'écrit S1-a, serait réalisée dans ces moments d'écriture à travers leurs positions subjectives respectives : M. Duras en place de produire les S1 et Y. Andréa au lieu de l'objet

Jovem estudante de filosofia em Caen, Yann Andréa, então conhecido como Yann Lemée, descobre a escrita de Marguerite Duras e, instantaneamente galvanizado pela experiência, começa a escrever para ela, quase todos os dias, às vezes várias vezes ao dia, em pacotes, sem esperar por uma resposta. Tocada pela força de Yann, Duras lhe responde, dedica uma obra a ele e acaba compartilhando sua vida com ele. Trata-se de um amor que não é vestido pelo fantasma, mas que é apertado em torno de um ponto de realidade, a escrita. Sophie Marret-Maleval utiliza o casal Duras/Andréa como exemplo negativo para ilustrar a inexistência da relação sexual: a função de ligação do amor, expressa como S1-a, é realizada nesses momentos de escrita através de suas posições subjetivas respectivas: M. Duras no lugar de produzir os S1 e Y. Andréa no lugar do objeto.

A young philosophy student in Caen, Yann Andréa, still known as Yann Lemée, discovers the writing of Marguerite Duras, instantly galvanized by the experience, begins to write to her, almost every day, sometimes several times a day, in packages, without expecting a response. Touched by Yann's power, Duras replies to him, dedicates a work to him, and eventually shares her life with him. This is a love that is not clothed in fantasy but is centered around a point of reality: writing. Sophie Marret-Maleval uses the Duras/Andréa couple as a negative example to illustrate the absence of the sexual relationship: the function of bonding that love performs, expressed as S1-a, is realized in these moments of writing through their respective subjective positions: M. Duras in the position of producing the S1 and Y. Andréa in the place of the object

Yann Andréa, "uma carta que eu continuo te escrevendo" / Yann Andréa, "une lettre que je continue de vous écrire" / Yann Andréa, "a letter I keep writing to you"

Jovem estudante de filosofia em Caen, Yann Andréa, então conhecido como Yann Lemée, descobre a escrita de Marguerite Duras e, instantaneamente galvanizado pela experiência, começa a escrever para ela, quase todos os dias, às vezes várias vezes ao dia, em pacotes, sem esperar por uma resposta. Tocada pela força de Yann, Duras lhe responde, dedica uma obra a ele e acaba compartilhando sua vida com ele. Trata-se de um amor que não é vestido pelo fantasma, mas que é apertado em torno de um ponto de realidade, a escrita. Sophie Marret-Maleval utiliza o casal Duras/Andréa como exemplo negativo para ilustrar a inexistência da relação sexual: a função de ligação do amor, expressa como S1-a, é realizada nesses momentos de escrita através de suas posições subjetivas respectivas: M. Duras no lugar de produzir os S1 e Y. Andréa no lugar do objeto

eune étudiant en philosophie à Caen, Yann Andréa qui s'appelle encore Yann Lemée, découvre l'écriture de Marguerite Duras, instantanément galvanisé parl'expérience, il se met à lui écrire, presque tous les jours, parfois plusieurs fois par jour, par paquets, sans attente de réponse. Touchée par la puissance de Yann, Duras lui répond, lui dédie une œuvre et finit par partager sa vie avec lui. Il s'agit d'un amour qui n'est pas habillé par le fantasme mais qui est resserré autour d'un point de réel, l'écriture. Sophie Marret-Maleval prend le couple Duras/Andréa en exemple pour illustrer par la négative l'inexistence du rapport sexuel : la fonction d'agrafe de l'amour, qui s'écrit S1-a, serait réalisée dans ces moments d'écriture à travers leurs positions subjectives respectives : M. Duras en place de produire les S1 et Y. Andréa au lieu de l'objet

A young philosophy student in Caen, Yann Andréa, still known as Yann Lemée, discovers the writing of Marguerite Duras, instantly galvanized by the experience, begins to write to her, almost every day, sometimes several times a day, in packages, without expecting a response. Touched by Yann's power, Duras replies to him, dedicates a work to him, and eventually shares her life with him. This is a love that is not clothed in fantasy but is centered around a point of reality: writing. Sophie Marret-Maleval uses the Duras/Andréa couple as a negative example to illustrate the absence of the sexual relationship: the function of bonding that love performs, expressed as S1-a, is realized in these moments of writing through their respective subjective positions: M. Duras in the position of producing the S1 and Y. Andréa in the place of the object

Bond strength of composite resin/universal adhesive to dentin submitted to radiotherapy / Fuerza de unión de resina compuesta/adhesivo universal a dentina sometida a radioterapia

Aim: To evaluate the bond strength of a universal adhesive system to dentin submitted to radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human teeth were divided into two groups (n = 30): without radiotherapy (control); with radiotherapy, according to the adhesive protocol (n=15): ER-etch-and-rinse (acid + Single Bond Uni-versal); SE-self-etch (Single Bond Universal). The analyzes were shear bond strength (SBS) (n=10), failure pattern (n=10) and scanning electron microscopy (n=5). Data was analyzed by a two-way ANOVA (α =0.05). Results: The radiotherapy decreased SBS of the restorative material to dentin (p<0.0001). The ER protocol provided lower bond strength values (p<0.001). The predominant type of fracture without radiotherapy was mixed (SE), cohesive to the material (ER). Both protocols presented adhesive failures with radiotherapy. Teeth had a hybrid layer and long resin tags (without radiotherapy) and few tags (with radiotherapy). Conclusions: The SE adhesive mode favors the shear bond strength of resin to dentin in teeth submitted to radiotherapy.

Objetivo: Evaluar la fuerza de adhesión de un sistema adhesivo universal a la dentina sometida a radioterapia. Materiales y Métodos: Sesenta dientes humanos extraídos se dividieron en dos grupos (n = 30): sin radioterapia (control); con radioterapia, según protocolo adhesivo (n=15): ER-grabado y enjuague (ácido + Single Bond Universal); autograbado SE (Single Bond Universal). Los análisis ejecutados fueron resistencia al cizallamiento (SBS) (n=10), patrón de falla (n=10) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (n=5). Los datos se sometieron al test de ANOVA de dos vías (α =0,05). Resultados: La radioterapia disminuyó la SBS del material restaurador a la dentina (p<0,0001). El protocolo ER proporcionó valores de fuerza de unión más bajos (p<0,001). El tipo de fractura predominante sin radioterapia fue mixta (SE), cohesiva al material (ER). Ambos protocolos presentaron fallas adhesivas con radioterapia. Los dientes tenían una capa híbrida y colas de resina largas (sin radioterapia) o pocas colas de resina (con radioterapia). Conclusión: El modo adhesivo SE favorece la resistencia al corte de la resina a la dentina en dientes sometidos a radioterapia.

Estudio computacional de las interacciones moleculares entre el timol y los residuos HIS41 y CYS145 presentes en el sitio activo de la proteasa 3CLpro

La proteína proteasa 3CLpro del SARS-CoV-2 es una enzima crucial para la replicación viral, razón por la cual se convierte en un blanco terapéutico de gran importancia. El timol (2-isopropil-5-me-tilfenol), un compuesto natural que se encuentra en el tomillo (Thymus vulgaris), exhibe potencial actividad antiviral contra la proteasa 3CLpro. En este estudio, usando acoplamiento molecular con AutoDockTools-1.5.6, se evaluaron las energías de interacción molecular entre el timol y los residuos de aminoácidos en el sitio activo de la proteína proteasa 3CLpro. Luego, con la teoría cuántica de Átomos en Moléculas (QTAIM) y la de Interacciones no covalentes (NCI) se analizaron los tipos de interacciones moleculares entre los residuos de aminoácidos identificados y el timol. Los cálculos cuánticos se llevaron con el software Orca-5.0.3, utilizando el método DFT con el funcional M06-2X y el conjunto base aug-cc-pVDZ en fase gaseosa. Los resultados de acoplamiento molecular indican que el timol se une a la proteína 3CL con una energía de interacción igual a -3,784 kcal/mol. El análisis QTAIM indica la presencia de puntos críticos de enlace entre el timol y los residuos HIS41 y CYS145. Además, se observa la formación de un enlace de hidrógeno entre el grupo OH del timol y el residuo CYS145, lo cual es corroborado por los análisis ELF (Electron Localization Function) y NCI (Non Covalent Interactions). Finalmente, el método NCI confirma la presencia de interacciones de Van der Waals con el residuo HIS41. Los resultados sugieren que el mecanismo de inhibición de la actividad de la proteína 3CLpro es controlado por interacciones moleculares tipo puente de hidrógeno e interacciones débiles.

The protease 3CLpro of the SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial enzyme for viral replication, becoming a highly important therapeutic target. Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenol), a naturally occurring compound found in thyme, exhibits potential antiviral activity against the 3CLpro protease. In this study, using molecular docking with AutoDockTools-1.5.6, the molecular interaction energies between thymol and amino acid residues in the active site of the protein protease 3CLpro were evaluated. Then, with the Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Non-covalent Interactions (NCI) theories, the types of molecular interactions between identified amino acid residues and thymol were analyzed. Quantum calculations were carried out with the Orca-5.0.3 software using the DFT method with the M06-2X functional and the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set in the gas phase. The molecular docking results indicate that thymol is linked to the 3CL protein with an interaction energy equal to -3.784 kcal/mol. QTAIM analysis indicates the presence of critical binding sites between thymol and residues HIS41 and CYS145. In addition, the formation of a hydrogen bond between the OH group of thymol and the CYS145 residue is observed, which is corroborated by the ELF and NCI analyses. Finally, the NCI method confirms the presence of Van der Waals interactions with the HIS41 residue. The results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition of the activity of the 3CLpro protein is controlled by molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding and weak interactions.

A protease 3CLpro do SARS-CoV-2 é uma enzima crucial para a replicação viral, tornando-se um alvo terapêutico de grande importÅncia. O timol (2-isopropil-5-me-tilfenol), um composto natural encontrado no tomilho, exibe potencial atividade antiviral contra a protease 3CLpro. Neste estudo, utilizando o docking molecular com o AutoDockTools-1.5.6, foram avaliadas as energias de interação molecular entre o timol e os residuos de aminoácidos no sítio ativo da proteína protease 3CLpro. Em seguida, com a teoria quantica de atomos em moleculas (QTAIM) e da interacões no-covalentes (NCI), foram analisados os tipos de interações moleculares entre os resíduos de aminoácidos identificados e o timol. Os cálculos quÅnticos foram realizados com o software Orca-5.0.3 usando o método DFT com o funcional M06-2X e a base aug-cc-pVDZ definida na fase gasosa. Os resultados do docking molecular indicam que o ti-mol está ligado à proteína 3CL com uma energia de interação igual a -3.784 kcal/ mol. A análise QTAIM indica a presença de sítios de ligação críticos entre o timol e os resíduos HIS41 e CYS145. Além disso, observa-se a formação de uma ponte de hidrogênio entre o grupo OH do timol e o resíduo CYS145, o que é corroborado pelas análises ELF e NCI. Finalmente, o método NCI confirma a presença das interações de Van der Waals com o resíduo HIS41. Os resultados sugerem que o mecanismo de inibição da atividade da proteína 3CLpro é controlado por interações moleculares como ligações de hidrogênio e interações fracas.

Bond strength comparison among 10-MDP-containing and non-10-MDP-Containing adhesives in different degrees of dental fluorosis / Comparación de fuerza de unión entre adhesivos que contienen y no contienen 10-MDP en diferentes grados de fluorosis dental

Dental fluorosis can cause changes in the enamel surface, conditioning its functionality and esthetics. The application of dental adhesives is a treatment option; however, their use on fluorotic teeth can result in limitations. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of two different adhesives, one with 10-MDP and one without 10-MDP, in different degrees of dental fluorosis.This is an in vitro study on dental enamel samples, a total of 180 samples with the inclusion criteria were treated, randomly divided into two groups of 90, according to the type of dental adhesive, where each group was again divided into three groups of 30 samples, representing different degrees of dental fluorosis according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (Group I: TF1 and TF2; Group II: TF3; Group III: TF4). Normality tests, two-factor ANOVA, and post-hoc tests were used to determine differences between the groups, with a significance level of 95%. As results, a statistically significant difference was shown between the use of dental adhesive with 10-MDP and the three groups of dental fluorosis (p=0.011), in addition, a Tukey post-hoc test on the groups treated with 10-MDP adhesive revealed a statistically significant difference between group I versus group II, and group I versus group III, (p=<0.05). It is concluded that the use of adhesive systems with 10-MDP presents a better shear bond strength on enamel with dental fluorosis grades I and II in the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index.

La fluorosis dental puede ocasionar cambios en la superficie del esmalte, condicionando su funcionalidad y estética, la aplicación de adhesivos dentales es una opción de tratamiento, sin embargo, su uso en dientes fluoroticos puede resultar en limitaciones. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en comparar la fuerza de adhesión a la cizalladura de dos diferentes adhesivos, uno con 10-MDP y otro sin 10-MDP, en diferentes grados de fluorosis dental. Se trata de un estudio in vitro en muestras de esmalte dental, un total de 180 muestras con los criterios de inclusión fueron tratadas, aleatoriamente divididas en dos grupos de 90, de acuerdo al tipo de adhesivo dental, donde cada grupo fue dividido nuevamente en tres grupos de 30 muestras, representando diferentes grados de fluorosis dental según el índice de Thylstrup- Fejerskov (Grupo I: TF1 y TF2; Grupo II: TF3; Grupo III: TF4). Para determinar diferencias entre los grupos se utilizaron pruebas de normalidad, ANOVA de dos factores, y pruebas post-hoc, con un nivel de significancia de 95%. Como resultados, se mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de adhesivo dental con 10- MDP y los tres grupos de fluorosis dental (p=0.011), además, una prueba post hoc de Tukey sobre los grupos tratados con adhesivo 10-MDP revelaron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el grupo I frente al grupo II, y el grupo I frente al grupo III, (p=<0.05) Se concluye que el uso de sistemas adhesivos con 10-MDP presentan una mejor resistencia de adhesión al cizallamiento en esmalte con grados de fluorosis dental I y II en el índice de Thylstrup-Fejerskov

Efecto de diferentes condiciones y modos de aplicación sobre la fuerza de unión de los adhesivos a la dentinaEffect of different conditions and modes of application on bond strength of adhesives to dentine / Effect of different conditions and modes of application on bond strength of adhesives to dentine

Objective: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength in different dentine conditions (etched-E, non-etched-N, dry-D and wet-W) of a multimode adhesive (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) and a total etching adhesive (Ambar-AB, FGM) using a sonic device (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material and methods: In this in vitro study, ninety six sound extracted human molars were divided into 12 groups (n=8) according to different dentine conditions and adhesive systems. Enamel was removed and the middle dentine surfaces were polished. Each adhesive system was applied according to the different dentine conditions, and composite resin blocks were incrementally built up and stored for 24 hours. Specimens were sectioned into sticks and bond strength data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: No effects of sonic application and were observed. In general, AB showed lower results compared to the SU. E and N conditions did not statistically affect the bond strength of SU groups. Dry dentine presented statistically superior bond strength values when compared to wet dentine for SU/E/SD group. Conclusion: Adhesion of dry dentine with multimode adhesive system may be superior to wet dentine with sonic application. The modes of application had no influence in bond strength of studied adhesives.

Objetivo: Evaluar la resistencia de la unión microtensil en diferentes condiciones de dentina (grabado-E, sin grabado-N, seco-D y húmedo-W) de un adhesivo multimodo (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) y un adhesivo de grabado total (Ambar-AB, FGM) utilizando un dispositivo sónico (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material y Métodos: En este estudio in vitro, noventa y seis molares humanos extraídos sanos se dividieron en 12 grupos (n=8) de acuerdo con diferentes condiciones de dentina y sistemas adhesivos. Se eliminó el esmalte y se pulieron las superficies centrales de la dentina. Cada sistema adhesivo se aplicó de acuerdo con las diferentes condiciones de dentina, y los bloques de resina compuesta se acumularon de forma incremental y se almacenaron durante 24h. Las muestras se seccionaron en barras y los datos de resistencia de la unión se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney. Resultado: No se observaron efectos de la aplicación sónica. En general, AB mostró resultados más bajos en comparación con el SU. Las condiciones E y N no afectaron estadísticamente la fuerza de unión de los grupos SU. La dentina seca presentó valores de fuerza de adhesión estadísticamente superiores en comparación con la dentina húmeda para el grupo SU/E/SD. Conclusión: La adhesión de la dentina seca con un sistema adhesivo multimodo puede ser superior a la dentina húmeda con aplicación sónica. Los modos de aplicación no tuvieron influencia en la resistencia de la unión de los adhesivos estudiados.

Does radiation therapy affect adhesion of tricalcium silicate cements to root dentin?

Abstract Objective This study aimed to analyze the effect of irradiation on the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine to radicular dentin. Methodology A total of 60 extracted mature human teeth with single root canals were categorized into two groups (irradiated and non-irradiated) (n=30). Each group was further divided into two sub-groups based on cements used (Biodentine and MTA). Then, a cumulative radiation dose of 60 Gy was divided into 30 fractions (two Gy for every fraction) and administered for five successive days per week over six weeks. Obturation was then performed using MTA and Biodentine. Afterwards, 1.5 mm thick horizontal sections were procured from the middle one-third of all the specimens and then subjected to push-out bond test. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey's test. Results The bond strength of Biodentine and MTA to irradiated teeth was lower than non-irradiated teeth. Highest push-out bond strength was observed in non-irradiated specimens filled with Biodentine (p=0), followed by irradiated specimens filled with Biodentine (p=0); non-irradiated specimens filled with MTA (p=0); and irradiated specimens filled with MTA (p=0.9). Conclusion The push-out bond strength of Biodentine and MTA to root canal dentin decreased significantly post irradiation.

Influence of self-etching adhesive on the bond strength of irradiated teeth / Influência do adesivo autocondicionante na resistência de união em dentes submetidos à radiação

ABSTRACT This study aimed to conduct a literature review about the influence of self-etching adhesives on the bond strength of restorative procedures for irradiated teeth. The search for articles was carried out on six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane). Gray literature (Google Scholar) and reference lists of included studies were evaluated. The keywords used were: "Radiotherapy" OR "Radiation Therapy" OR "Radiation Treatment" OR "Radiation Effects" OR "Radioterapia" OR "Terapia por radiação" OR "Tratamento por radiação" OR "Efeitos da Radiação" OR "Terapia por Radiación" OR "Tratamiento por Radiación" OR "Efectos de Radiación" AND "Dentin-Bonding agent" OR "Adesivos Dentinários" OR "Recubrimientos Dentinarios". The inclusion criteria were laboratory and clinical studies, dissertations, literary and systematic reviews, and no time and language restrictions. Three hundred and eighteen studies were identified in the databases, 30 in the gray literature, and 5 from the reference list of included articles. 40 were excluded for being duplicates. After reading the title and abstract, 28 articles remained for complete analysis. In the end, 21 articles were included in this study. Self-etching could be a good option for irradiated teeth restorations. However, further clinical studies are needed.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a influência de adesivos autocondicionantes na resistência de união de restaurações de dentes submetidos à radiação. A busca da literatura foi realizada em seis bases de dados (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane). A literatura cinza (Google Scholar) e as listas de referências dos estudos incluídos foram avaliadas. A pesquisa foi realizada com as palavras-chave: "Radiotherapy" OR "Radiation Therapy" OR "Radiation Treatment" OR "Radiation Effects" OR "Radioterapia" OR "Terapia por radiação" OR "Tratamento por radiação" OR "Efeitos da Radiação" OR "Terapia por Radiación" OR "Tratamiento por Radiación" OR "Efectos de Radiación" AND "Dentin-Bonding agent" OR "Adesivos Dentinários" OR "Recubrimientos Dentinarios". Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos in vitro e clínicos, dissertações, revisões sistemáticas e literárias, sem restrições de período e de idiomas. Foram identificados 318 estudos nas diferentes bases de dados, 30 na literatura cinzenta e 5 da lista de referências dos artigos incluídos, dos quais 40 foram excluídos por serem duplicatas. Após a leitura do título e do resumo, permaneceram 28 artigos para análise completa. Ao final, 21 artigos foram incluídos neste trabalho. Os adesivos autocondicionantes podem ser uma boa alternativa em restaurações de dentes submetidos à radiação. Todavia, ainda existem poucos trabalhos sobre o tema e ratifica-se a necessidade de mais estudos clínicos.

Do different adhesives influence the color stability and fluorescence of composite restorations after aging?

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dental adhesive color on the chromatic stability and fluorescence intensity of composite resin restorations of different thicknesses. Ninety bovine enamel samples were obtained and restored with resin composite varying thicknesses of restorative material and enamel (1.0 mm enamel and 1.0 mm composite; 1.5 mm enamel and 0.5 mm composite; 0.5 mm enamel and 1.5 mm composite). The restorations were made of composite resin (Opallis E-bleach H) using different types of dental adhesives: Ambar, Ambar APS, and Single Bond Universal (n=10). The samples were subjected to color measurement tests in a spectrophotometer using CIEDE2000 and fluorescence intensity measurements before and after aging in a red wine coloring solution. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in color stability or fluorescence intensity for restorations made of different materials or thicknesses (p>0.05). Single Bond Universal showed greater color stability at 0.5 mm thickness (ΔE00 = 4.4 ± 1.6) compared to other thicknesses of the same material (p=0.003), as well as a greater difference in fluorescence intensity after aging at 1.5 mm thickness (-414.9 ± 103.8) compared to other materials (p=0.0002). Overall, it was concluded that the different adhesive systems did not influence the color stability and fluorescence of restorations of different thicknesses.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da cor do adesivo dental na estabilidade cromática e intensidade de fluorescência das restaurações de resina composta de diferentes espessuras. Foram obtidos noventa amostras de esmalte bovino que foram restaurados com resina composta, variando a espessura do material restaurador e do esmalte (1,0 mm de esmalte e 1,0 mm de compósito; 1,5 mm de esmalte e 0,5 mm de compósito; 0,5 mm de esmalte e 1,5 mm de compósito). As restaurações foram feitas de resina composta (Opallis E-bleach H) utilizando diferentes tipos de adesivos odontológicos: Ambar, Ambar APS, e Single Bond Universal (n=10). As amostras foram submetidas a testes de medição de cor em um espectrofotômetro usando CIEDE2000 e medições de intensidade de fluorescência antes e depois do envelhecimento em uma solução de coloração de vinho tinto. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e ao teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Não houve mudanças estatisticamente significativas na estabilidade da cor ou intensidade de fluorescência para restaurações feitas de diferentes materiais ou espessuras (p>0,05). O Single Bond Universal mostrou maior estabilidade de cor a 0,5 mm de espessura (ΔE00 = 4,4 ± 1,6) em comparação com outras espessuras do mesmo material (p=0,03), bem como uma maior diferença na intensidade de fluorescência após o envelhecimento a 1,5 mm de espessura (-414,9 ± 103,8) em comparação com outros materiais (p=0,0002). Em geral, concluiu-se que os diferentes sistemas adesivos não influenciaram a estabilidade de cor e a intensidade de fluorescência das restaurações de diferentes espessuras.

Acid-Base Resistant Zone in Teeth with the Direct Restoration Using Different Adhesive System Generations: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Objective: To find out what the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) is and the mechanism of its formation. Material and Methods: This systematic review was based on the search of laboratory studies in which selfetching adhesive systems were used. The electronic database PubMed was used for the search. The search began on August 2021 and ended on June 2022. We have analyzed the materials and methods of each research and entered them in the appropriate tables to give a clearer assessment of the obtained results. Results: This systematic review included 15 full-text articles published from 2011 to 2019. The ABRZ is formed on both dentine and enamel. On dentine, the ABRZ is formed only when using self-etching adhesive systems; on the enamel, on the contrary, the step of preliminary etch and rinse contributes to the formation of a thicker ABRZ. The functional monomer MDP and fluorine increase the thickness of the ABRZ and provide a hybrid layer /ABRZ boundary without defects and erosions. Conclusion: Self-etching adhesive systems ensure the creation of an ABRZ resistant to acid-base tests. This phenomenon can provide the resistance of tooth tissues to demineralization, and therefore increase their resistance to caries.

Mother-infant bonding and postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic — a risk for nurturing care and child development / Vínculo mãe-bebê e depressão pós-parto durante a pandemia de COVID-19 — um risco para o nurturing care e o desenvolvimento da criança

ABSTRACT Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic Increased the risk of impairing the mother-infant bonding. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the early bond established between mother and infant and postpartum depression (PPD) in pregnancies that occurred during the pandemic period, to identify the factors that may have influenced these outcomes and to verify if there was an association between bonding and probable PPD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of postpartum women from a public maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo conducted from February to June 2021, involving 127 mother-baby dyads. The initial data were collected in the immediate postpartum period and between 21-45 days after birth, using a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, gestational and birth conditions, and baby characteristics; the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) were used to evaluate PPD and bonding, respectively. Results: The presence of probable PPD and unplanned pregnancies were associated with higher PBQ score and risk to impaired bonding (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). EPDS showed a high prevalence of PPD (29.1%) and was not associated with any Studied variable. Probably, this high prevalence of probable PPD was due to the context of insecurity secondary to the pandemic. Conclusions: We observed an increase in the prevalence of probable PPD and unplanned pregnancies during the first 18 months of the pandemic, which were associated with worse scores in mother-infant bonding. The impaired bond can affect the future development of children born during this period.

RESUMO Objetivo: A pandemia do COVID-19 aumentou o risco de o vínculo entre mãe-bebê ser prejudicado. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o vínculo mãe-bebê estabelecido precocemente e a depressão puerperal (DP) em gestações que ocorreram durante a pandemia, identificar os fatores que podem ter influenciado esses resultados e verificar se houve associação entre o vínculo e a provável depressão puerperal. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com puérperas de uma maternidade pública da cidade de São Paulo, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2021, envolvendo 127 díades mãe-bebê. Os dados foram obtidos no puerpério imediato e 21 a 45 dias após o parto, utilizando-se um questionário semiestruturado sobre as características sociodemográficas, as condições de gestação e nascimento e características do recém-nascido; a escala de depressão puerperal de Edimburgo (EPDS) e o questionário de vínculo pós-parto (PBQ) foram utilizados para avaliar a presença de provável DP e o vínculo mãe-bebê, respectivamente. Resultados: A presença de provável DP e as gestações não planejadas foram associadas a maiores escores no PBQ e no risco de vínculo prejudicado (p = 0,001 e p = 0,004, respectivamente). A escala de Edimburgo mostrou alta prevalência de risco de depressão puerperal (29,1%) e não foi associada a nenhuma variável estudada. Provavelmente, a alta prevalência de provável DP foi secundária ao contexto de insegurança decorrente da pandemia. Conclusões: Observamos aumento na prevalência da provável DP e das gestações não planejadas durante os primeiros 18 meses da pandemia, os quais estiveram associados a piores escores no vínculo mãe-bebê. O prejuízo no vínculo pode afetar o desenvolvimento futuro das crianças geradas durante esse período.

Redes de gobernanza intermunicipal: aplicación de modelos de grafos aleatorios exponenciales en la región de Los Lagos, Chile / Redes de governança intermunicipal: aplicação de modelos de gráficos aleatórios exponenciais em Los Lagos, Chile / Inter-municipal governance networks: application of exponential random graph models in Los Lagos, Chile

Resumen Desde los noventa, la idea de gobernanza ha permeado los debates acerca de la transformación del Estado a escala regional, sin embargo, las dificultades de su operacionalización han limitado nuestro conocimiento. Este artículo busca contribuir con esta brecha, examinando la dimensión interjurisdiccional de la gobernanza regional. Aplicando la perspectiva de análisis de redes, se estudia la formación de las redes intermunicipales que se configuran a partir de diferentes mecanismos de colaboración. Con base en el marco de acción colectiva institucional, el artículo analiza la prevalencia de estructuras de relacionamiento asociadas a diferentes tipos de capital social (bonding - capital social vínculo ‒ y bridging - capital social puente ‒) en tres redes intermunicipales de la región de Los Lagos, en Chile. Por medio de la aplicación de modelos de grafos aleatorios exponenciales (ERGM), se obtiene evidencia para sustentar la consistente prevalencia de bonding en las tres redes estudiadas y su coexistencia con estructuras descentralizadas en las redes de mayor complejidad regional.

Resumo Desde a década de noventa, a ideia de governança permeou os debates sobre a transformação do Estado no âmbito regional, não obstante, as dificuldades de sua operacionalização têm limitado nosso conhecimento. Este artigo busca contribuir para essa lacuna, examinando a dimensão interjurisdicional da governança regional. Aplicando a perspectiva da análise de redes, estuda-se a formação de redes intermunicipais que se configuram a partir de diferentes mecanismos de colaboração. Com base no marco institucional da ação coletiva, o artigo analisa a prevalência de estruturas de relacionamento associadas a diferentes tipos de capital social (bonding/bridging) em três redes intermunicipais da região de Los Lagos, no Chile. Através da aplicação de modelos de gráficos aleatórios exponenciais (ERGM), obtêm-se evidências que suportam a prevalência consistente de bonding nas três redes estudadas e sua coexistência com estruturas descentralizadas em redes de maior complexidade regional.

Abstract The idea of governance has permeated the debates on the state's transformation at the regional level since the 1990s. However, operationalization difficulties have limited our knowledge of the phenomenon. This article contributes to filling this gap by examining the inter-jurisdictional dimension of regional governance. From a network perspective, the article studies the emergence of inter-municipal networks from different local collaborative mechanisms. Based on the institutional collective action framework, the study analyzes the prevalence of network structures associated with different types of social capital (bonding/bridging) in three inter-municipal networks in the Los Lagos Region in Chile. The application of exponential random graph models (ERGM) revealed evidence supporting the consistent prevalence of bonding in the three networks studied. The findings also showed the networks' coexistence with structures decentralized in more complex regional networks.

Dentin permeability after pretreatment with titanium tetrafluoride and self-etching or universal adhesive systems

Aim: To evaluate dentin permeability after pretreatment with 2.5% aqueous solution of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4), followed by a self-etching universal adhesive system. Methods: Forty dentin discs (1.5 mm thick) were randomly divided into groups according to the application or non-application of a pretreatment, and the type of adhesive system to be tested (two-step self-etching/ Clearfil SE Bond/ Kuraray Medical, or universal adhesive system/ Single Bond Universal/ 3M ESPE). Both sides of the discs were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid to remove the smear layer. The first hydraulic conductivity measurement (L1) was performed in a permeability machine, under 5 PSI pressure. The samples were sanded again to form a standardized smear layer. The teeth designated for pre-treatment with TiF4 received the TiF4 solutions applied actively for 60 seconds, and the adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, a new hydraulic conductivity measurement (L2) was performed for the purpose of calculating the hydraulic conductance at a later time, considering the water viscosity and the thickness of the specimen. The percentage (L) of dentin permeability after application of the adhesive system was obtained (L (%) = [(L1-L2) x100] / L1). The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was applied. Results: There was no difference between the two adhesive systems, or between the groups with or without pretreatment, as regards dentin permeability (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pretreatment with 2.5% TiF4 did not influence dentin permeability, irrespective of the adhesive system used

Effects of applying procyanidins on the bond strength of bleached dentin to composite resin / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the influence of procyanidins on the bonding strength of dentin bleached by carbamide peroxide to composite resin.@*Methods @#By applying different treatments to dentin bonding interfaces, 120 human third molars were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 10): W group (no bleaching+deionized water), Wa group (no bleaching+deionized water+aging), WT1 group (no bleaching+5% procyanidins for 1 min), WT1a group (no bleaching+5% procyanidins for 1 min+aging), WT2 group (no bleaching+5% procyanidins for 5 min), WT2a group (no bleaching+5% procyanidins for 5 min+aging), C group (carbamide peroxide+deionized water), Ca group (carbamide peroxide+deionized water+aging), CT1 group (carbamide peroxide+5% procyanidins for 1 min), CT1a group (carbamide peroxide+5% procyanidins for 1 min+aging), CT2 group (carbamide peroxide+5% procyanidins for 5 min), and CT2a group (carbamide peroxide+5% procyanidins for 5 min+aging). The bond strength to composite resin was measured by universal mechanical testing machine, microstructure and the nanoleakages were measured by scanning electron microscope immediately or after the thermal cycling aging test.@*Results@#The immediate bond strength of the bleached groups pretreated with procyanidins for 1 min (P<0.001) and 5 min (P<0.001) was higher than that of Group C, and the difference was statistically significant. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference between Group CT1 and Group CT2 (P = 1.000). After the thermal cycles, the bond strength of each group declined. The differences between Group W and Group Wa (P<0.001) and Group C and Group Ca (P<0.001) were statistically significant, but no significant differences between Group CT1 and Group CT1a (P = 0.052) or Group CT2 and Group CT2a (P = 0.053) were found. The main effects of “aging” (P<0.001), “bleaching” (P<0.001) and “procyanidins” (P<0.001) and the second-order interaction effects of “bleaching * procyanidins” (P = 0.008), “bleaching * aging” (P = 0.024), and “aging * procyanidins” (P<0.001) were statistically significant. SEM observations showed that the hybrid layers in Groups C, CT1 and CT2 were not clear, and the hybrid layers in Groups Ca, CT1a and CT2a were partially destroyed and disintegrated. Under backscattering mode, it was observed that there were a large number of silver nitrate particles in the hybrid layer of Group Ca, and the residual silver ions in the hybrid layer of Groups CT1a and CT2a were decreased. @*Conclusion@# Pretreatment with 5% procyanidins for 1 min can improve the immediate bond strength of dentin bleached by carbamide peroxide to composite resin and maintain bonding durability.

Application of proanthocyanidin in the treatment and repair of deep caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#Proanthocyanidin (PA), as a kind of natural plant polyphenol, have a variety of biological functions, such as promoting remineralization, inducing collagen cross-linking, inhibiting protease activity and inhibiting bacteria. Therefore, PA could be broadly used in the clinical application of treatment and repair of deep caries in the future; for example, PA could promote dentin remineralization, improve resin-dentin bonding durability and improve the dentin acid erosion effect. This application potential of PA arises from several features, firstly, PA can not only promote dentin remineralization on its own or with other remineralizers but also exhibits antibacterial effects, which can inhibit acid production while reducing the formation of cariogenic pathogens and their biofilms. Based on the above features, PA can reduce the incidence of caries disease; thus, PA improves deep caries and long-term effects after treatment. In addition, PA added to adhesives or etch agents can improve the etching and bonding effect of dentin by inducing collagen cross-linking and inhibiting protease activity, thus achieving the ultimate goal of improving the bonding performance of deep caries. This paper summarizes recent progress of research on PA for the treatment and repair of deep caries, including the promotion of dentin remineralization and antibacterial activity as well as the improvement in dentin bonding and acid etching effect, to provide a more comprehensive reference for treating and restoring deep caries in clinical practice.

Bottom/top hardness ratio and dentin bonding stability of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites

Aim: To evaluate the bottom/top hardness ratio (B/T) and the dentin bonding stability of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites in high c-factor preparations. Methods: Regular conventional (Tetric N-Ceram ­ TNC, and Polofil Supra ­ PFS), regular bulk-fill (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk fill ­ TBF, and Admira Fusion X-tra ­ AFX), and low viscosity bulk-fill resin composites (Tetric N-flow ­ TNF, and X-tra Base ­ XTB) were used to restore 180 dentin conical preparations. The specimens were randomly distributed in 12 groups (n = 15) according to the resin composites and storage time-points (24 h and six months) tested. After 24 h storage, all specimens were subjected to the bottom/top hardness ratio analysis. Then, the push-out bond strength test was performed in half of the specimens and the other half were maintained for six months on water storage before testing. The failure modes were analyzed in a stereomicroscopic. The data were analyzed statistically using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test (p <0.05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences for the bottom/top hardness ratio among the resin composites (p>0.05). Regardless of the storage timepoint, regular bulk-fill resin composites showed the highest bond strength values statistically (p<0.05). Only conventional resin composites showed statistically lower bond strength values at six-month storage (p<0.05). Adhesive failures were more predominant for low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites. Conclusion: Although the DoC was not affected by different materials tested, only bulk-fill resin composites did not present dentin bond strength loss after six-month of water storage

Application of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) posts: evaluation of fracture resistance and stress distribution in the root: in vitro and finite element analyses

Abstract To evaluate the feasibility of using a milled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) post and core in endodontically treated teeth with or without a ferrule. Sixty bovine tooth roots were endodontically treated followed by cementation of intraradicular retainers (IR), according to each experimental group: a) non-ferrule glass fiber post (f0FP); b) 2-mm-ferrule glass fiber post (f2FP); c) non-ferrule resized glass fiber post (f0PR); d) 2-mm-ferrule resized glass fiber post (f2PR); e) non-ferrule PEEK post and core (f0PPC); and f) 2-mm-ferrule PEEK post and core (f2PPC). Metal crowns were made and cemented. A periodontal ligament was simulated using polyether. A force was applied to the palatine portion of each sample at 45°, until fracture. Fracture resistance data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Three-dimensional digital models were developed to calculate the tensions formed in the root using finite element analysis. Models of glass fiber posts and PEEK posts and cores were evaluated with or without a ferrule. The results were analyzed by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The type of IR was not influenced by fracture strength (p = 0.243). There were significant statistical differences among the remaining factors. Ferrule groups had greater fracture resistance, and the failure mode of teeth with a ferrule was more catastrophic than the non-ferrule group. A ferrule increases fracture resistance and influences failure mode; the PEEK post and core did not modify the biomechanics of endodontically treated teeth, and resembled the glass fiber post results. The crack initiation point differed between the ferrule and non-ferrule groups.

Effect of endodontic sealers on push-out bond strength of CAD-CAM or prefabricated fiber glass posts

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of endodontic sealer (ES) on bond strength (BS) of prefabricated or milled-CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) glass-fiber-posts (GFP). Canals of 90 single-rooted teeth were prepared for filling by the single-cone technique with gutta-percha and one of the following ES: AH Plus (epoxy resin), Endofill (zinc-oxide and eugenol), and Bio-C Sealer (calcium-silicate). After post-space preparation, tooth-specimens were equally divided in half according to type of GFP to be used. In the half to receive milled-CAD-CAM posts, tooth specimens were molded with acrylic resin to obtain replicas. These were scanned to enable the laboratory to produce the milled-CAD-CAM GFPs (Fiber CAD Lab, Angelus) by the subtractive technique. The other half of samples received prefabricated GFPs (Exacto, Angelus) (n=15). The GFPs were cemented with dual-cure resin cement (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray). Each root was sectioned into two slices per root region (cervical, middle, apical) that were subjected to the push-out BS test, in a universal testing machine. Failure mode (FM) was classified by scores. The BS data were submitted to generalized linear model analyses, while FM was analyzed using the chi-square test (a=0.05). BS showed no significant difference among the three ES (p > 0.05). BS was significantly higher for prefabricated (mean 10.84 MPa) versus milled-CAD-CAM GFPs (mean 6.94 MPa) (p <0.0001), irrespective of ES. The majority showed mixed failures. It could be concluded that type of ES did not affect BS of GFPs to dentin, and prefabricated-GFPs had higher bond-strength than customized-milled-CAD-CAM GFPs.